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| 1908 |
| | | George McJunkin, near Folsom in New Mexico, sees the bones of an extinct giant bison, partially exposed after a flash flood, with an ancient spear point embedded in the skeleton | |
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| 1927 |
| | | Archaeologists, excavating the bison remains at Folsom, find an ancient spear point embedded in the skeleton - first proof of the Folsom culture | |
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| 1929 |
| | | An American Indian teenager, Ridgely Whiteman, finds the remains of a butchered mammoth near Clovis in New Mexico - first evidence of the Clovis culture | |
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| 1931 |
| | | On his first expedition to the Olduvai Gorge, Louis Leakey finds the oldest object now in the British Museum - the chopping tool from about 1.8 million years ago | |
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| 1968 |
| | | Peter Nzube finds the oldest skull yet discovered in the Olduvai Gorge and names the specimen Twiggy, after the British fashion model of the time | |
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| 1974 |
| | | Donald Johanson and Tom Gray find an almost complete Australopithecus female skeleton at Hadar in Ethiopia, and nickname her Lucy after the Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds | |
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| 1994 |
| | | The fossilized skeleton of an Ardipithecus female, nicknamed Ardi and 4.4 million years old, is found in the Awash valley region of Ethiopia | |
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| 2003 |
| | | Michael Rogers, in a team led by Sileshi Semaw, discovers the world's oldest known chipped stone tool, at Gona in Ethiopia | |
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| 2006 |
| | | A team from the University of Tübingen find a tiny figurine of a mammoth, at that time the earliest known piece of European figurative sculpture | |
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| 2008 |
| | | Archaeologists from Tübingen discover the Hohle Fels Venus, about 38,000 years old and the earliest known figurative sculpture in Europe | |
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